Cauliflower is also a popular vegetable. Its arrival in India is believed to be from the Mughal period. It is cultivated in India on about 3000 hectares. Its production is about 6,85000 tons. Most of its cultivation is done in cold places. It is also rich in nutrients such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A and C.
Suitable Climate
A cool and humid climate is required. It has the ability to tolerate frost and high temperatures. Its seedling is good at 27 to 30 degrees Celsius temperature. Its summer and spring crops can be taken. It tastes good in the winter.
Cauliflower also requires a cool and humid climate. When the days are cold and short, then the flower grows. If the weather is hot, its leaves and flowers turn yellow. Early varieties require big days.
Suitable Land
Both leaf and cauliflower can be cultivated in different types of land. But sandy loam and loam soil are suitable for early cultivation. And the soil with a pH value of 5.5 to 6.5 is suitable. More acidic and alkaline land is an impediment to their cultivation. For the preparation of the field, do the first plowing with soil plow and 2 to 3 plowing with native plow or cultivator, so that the land becomes brittle.
Time Of Sowing
1. August to September for early varieties (for plain areas)
2. September to October for late cultivars (for plain areas)
3. March to June for hilly areas.
Seed quantity- 500 grams of seed is suitable for late varieties and 375 grams of seed is suitable for early varieties.
Varieties Of Cauliflower
There are three types of cauliflower, which are as follows-
Early varieties – Pusa Deepali, Early Kuwari, Pant Cabbage 2 & 3, Pusa Karthik, Pusa Meghna, Early Patna Pusa Early Synthetic, Patna Augeti, Selection 327 and 328, etc.
Medium varieties- Pant Subhra, Improv Japanese, Pusa Sharad, Hisar 1 & 114, S1, Punjab Giant, Narendra Gobhi 1, Early Snowbl, Patna Medium, Pusa Agni and Pusa Hybrid 2, etc.
Late varieties – Pusa K1, Pusa Snowball 1 & 2, Snowball 16, Dania, Snowking, Pusa Synthetic, Vishwa Bharati, Banarasi Magi, and Giant Snowball 1, etc.
Quantity of Cauliflower Seeds – 500 to 600 grams time for an early crop, May to June, 350 to 400 grams for the medium crop, July to August, and 350 to 400 grams for the late crop, October to November, amount of seed per hectare.
Seed treatment- treat both leaf and cauliflower seeds at the rate of 3 grams Bavistin or Captan per kilogram, and also treat the soil.
Nursery And Planting
1. To prepare good plants, make beds of 1 meter wide and 5-meter length or as per requirement, the height of the med should be 15 centimeters. Depending on the area, dung, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash should be added to the soil of the beds. Then the treated seed should be sown in the beds.
2. Cauliflower should be planted according to time and variety. The early variety should be 45 cm apart from the line and 40 cm apart from the plant. For medium crop, 50 cm line to line distance and 45 cm plant to plant distance should be. For late varieties, it is appropriate to keep 55 centimeters apart from line to line and 55 centimeters from plant to plant.
Water And Fertilizer Management
1. For the first Cauliflower crop, lighten the first irrigation plant after planting. After that, irrigating should be done after 10 to 15 days as required.
2. For good yield of both crops, 300 to 350 quintals of cow dung should be applied before transplanting while preparing the entire amount of manure, 120 kg nitrogen, 80 kg phosphorus, 60 kg per hectare.
Weed And Pest Control
1. For plantation of Cauliflower, after planting seedlings, weeding should be done 2 to 3 times as necessary. Also, before planting, spray 2 hectare of Alachlor 800 to 900 liters of water in moist land and spray it per hectare. So that there is no weed deposition.
2. Both crops should be sown by treating seeds properly for disease control. And the diseased plants should be uprooted and pressed into the soil. With this, 1 liter malathion solution should be sprayed in 700 to 800 liter water per hectare.
3. Outbreak of Giraat or Sundi Kit is prominent in leaf and Cauliflower. Which cuts the leaves. To prevent this, 5 percent Aslone or Malthin should be burnt at 20 to 25 kg powder per hectare.
Harvesting
1. Flowers of both crops should be pruned in the morning or evening when the flower becomes full harvestable or solid.
2. The yield of Cauliflower should be 300 to 400 quintal per hectare according to the above method and favorable season.
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Kalpesh Pathak
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