Color Capsicum Farming, Bell Pepper Cultivation Complete Guide

Capsicum is an important place of cultivation in vegetables. It is known by various names like green paper, sweet paper, bell paper, etc. It is different in size and pungency from chili. Its fruit is pulpy, fleshy, thick, bell-shaped, it emerges from somewhere and is pressed down from somewhere. In almost all varieties of capsicum, pungency is found to be extremely low or minimal. It is mainly high in vitamin A and C. That is why it is used as a vegetable.

If the farmer cultivates it in an advanced and scientific way, then he can get more production and income. Detailed information on how to cultivate capsicum has been mentioned in this article. know how to do cultivation of capsicum, know the varieties, care, and yield

Suitable Climate Required

It is a soft humid climate crop. In our country, the areas in which the temperature does not often fall below 10 ° C during the winter season, and due to the effect of cold for very few days, crops can be taken throughout the year. For its good growth and development, the temperature of 21 to 25 degrees Celsius is suitable. Brought up for this. Is harmful. In cold weather, its flowers are reduced, fruits become small, stiff, and crooked in shape and due to high temperature (more than 33 ° C), its flowers and fruits start to fall.

Land Selection

For its cultivation, smooth loam soil with good drainage with a pH value of 6 to 6.5 is considered best. At the same time, cultivation can be done by adding more manure in the loamy loam soil and by proper timing and proper irrigation management. The raised and flatbeds above the surface of the land are considered more suitable for its cultivation than the beds below the surface of the land.

Seed Selections

There are many advanced and hybrid varieties of capsicum. But its productive brethren should choose the prevalent and overproducing varieties of their area as well as anti-disease varieties. The major varieties are Arka Gaurav, Arka Mohini, King of North, California Vander, Arka Basant, Aishwarya, Alankar, Anupam, Hari Rani, Pusa Dipti, India, Green Gold, Heera, Indra, etc. For more information on varieties, read here- Advanced and hybrid varieties of capsicum, know the characteristics and yields.

Filed Preparation

At the time of preparing the field, 25 to 30 tons of dung rotten manure or compost manure should be applied. 60 kg of nitrogen, 60 to 80 kg of sulfur, and 40 to 60 kg of potash should be applied at the time of transplanting as base fertilizer, and splitting 60 kg of nitrogen into two parts, and spraying it as top dressing 30 and 55 days after transplanting in the standing crop.

Nursery Plant Preparation

Nursery of great importance in plant vegetables. 3 x 1 meter size 10 to 15 centimeters above the surface of the ground should be made. In this way, 5 to 6 beds are sufficient for an area of 1 hectare. Two to 3 baskets of fine dung compost should be added to each bed. To treat the soil, 1 gram of Bavistin should be sprayed in water per liter.
Approximately 750 to 900 grams of common varieties and 200 to 300 grams of hybrid varieties are sufficient to plant seeds per hectare. Before sowing the seeds by treating 2.5 grams per kilogram of seeds of thyme, Kaptan, or Bavistin, every 7 to 10 centimeters in the queue, sowing in a distance of 2 to 3 centimeters by making a 1 cm deep groove with the help of wood or spade. Should be done.

After sowing the seeds should be covered with fine manure and soil mixture of cow dung or compost and lightly irrigated with the help of Hazare. If possible, the beds should be covered up to 50 percent germination of seeds with straw or dry grass. This will also improve germination and prevent weeds. Then remove the casserole or grass.

Plantation

In our country, capsicum is grown thrice a year depending on the season.
Which is as follows

Firstly, sow seeds in the nursery from June to July and plantation in the main field from July to August.

Secondly, sow seeds in the nursery from August to September and plant saplings in the main field from September to October.

Third – Sow seeds in a nursery from November to December and plant in the main field from December to January.
It is necessary for good germination of capsicum seeds to be sown in time as the temperature starts to decrease when sown late. So the germination decreases from 1 to 2 percent and germination take a long time. The temperature of 30 to 35 degrees centigrade is suitable in the nursery, 20 to 25 degrees centigrade temperature is suitable for the growth of the plant. While the average temperature of the month is 10 to 15 degrees centigrade for fruit growing.

Normally, 10 to 15 cm tall, 4 to 5 leaves plant which is ready in about 45 to 50 days, should be used for planting. One day before planting, irrigation should be done in the beds so that the seedlings can be removed easily. The plant should be planted in the evening at a distance of 60 X 45 cm in the main field. Before planting, the root of the plant should be immersed in a solution of Bavistin 1 gram per liter of water for half an hour. Lightly irrigate the field after transplanting.

Irrigation Management

Capsicum crop suffers from both less and more water. If more water has been filled in the field, then drainage should be arranged immediately. Irrigation should be done when the soil moisture is low. To identify moisture, the soil of the field should be taken in hand and made into laddus. If clay laddus are made easily, then there is moisture in the soil, if not made, irrigation should be done. Generally, irrigation should be done at an interval of 1 week in summer and 10 to 15 days in winter.

Weeding Hoeing

For the first 30 to 45 days after planting, keeping the capsicum field weed-free is essential for good crop production. At least two weeding techniques are beneficial. The first weeding should be done 25 and 45 days after planting. After 30 days of planting, the soil should be planted in the plants, so that the plants become strong and do not fall. If chemicals are to be used for weed control, then use pendimethalin @ 4 liters or elachlor at the rate of 2 kg per hectare in the condition of moisture in the field.

Prevention Of Fall Of Flowers And Fruits

As soon as the capsicum starts flowering, the first spraying should be done after dissolving the drug called Planophics in 2 ml per liter of water and after 25 days. This reduces flower loss, results in good results, and increases production.

Plant Protection

The description and prevention of major pests and diseases in capsicum are as follows –

Major Insect

In Maho, thrips, whiteflies, and spider-capsicum these pests are more prone to outbreaks

Prevention

To prevent these pests, make a solution of 1 to 1.5 ml per liter of dimethoate or methyl demetan or malathion and spray it 2 to 3 times at an interval of 15 days. Chemicals should be sprayed only after the fruit is harvested.

Major Disease

In capsicum, there is mainly outbreaks of bradycardia, bhubriya disease, ukata, foliage, crushing, and black and white rot
Which are as follows

Humidification Disease

The outbreak of this disease occurs in the nursery stage. Due to this, part of the stem of the ground surface becomes black and melts and small plants fall and die.

Prevention

Before sowing, sow seeds by treating thyme, captan, or Bavistin at the rate of 2.5 to 3 grams per kilogram of seeds. The nursery should be made 10 to 15 inches from the surrounding land in the raised land. For soil treatment, in the nursery of capsicum, prior to sowing, a solution of 0.2% concentration of thyme or captan or Bavistin is used, which is called drenching. When symptoms of the disease appear, mix the boards with a mixture of 5: 5: 50 or copper oxychloride in 3 grams per liter of water.

Bhabhtiya disease- This disease mostly occurs in summer. With this disease, white powdery spots start forming on the leaves of capsicum. At the onset of the disease, the leaves start to dry yellow and the plant becomes a dwarf.
Prevention- For prevention of the disease, spray 0.2% concentration of sulfax or calxin 2 to 3 times at 15 days intervals.

Bacterial stimulation

The entire field crop of capsicum affected by this disease withers green and withers. It can infest any time in the plant in the disease.

Prevention

The fields should be left vacant for some time by deep plowing in the wet season. The crop cycle should be adopted. Disease tolerant castes like- Arco pride should be chosen. In order to reduce the disease outbreak in the affected standing crop, the gudai should be stopped, because the wadding causes wounds in the roots, and the outbreak of the disease increases. In the pre-transplanting fields, mix bleaching powder in the land at the rate of 15 kg per hectare.

Leaf Coil and Mosaic

This is a viral disease. The leaves of capsicum plants shrink and turn due to foliage, and become small and brown in color. Graffiti leaves are small in size, thick and rough at the bottom. Due to Mosaic disease, dark and light yellow spots are formed on the leaves. Pests play an important role in spreading the above diseases. The affected plants prove to be unable to give full production, both the quantity and quality of production are affected by the disease.

Prevention

Before sowing, carbofuran 3g, 8 to 10 grams per square meter mixed in the land. Spraying of dimethylate 30 EC or imidacloprid one ml per liter of water 15 to 20 days after planting. Repeat this spraying at intervals of 15 to 20 days as needed. After flowering, spray the Malathion 50 EC with one ml per liter of water in place of the above insecticides.

Fruit Rot

In the early symptoms of the disease in capsicum, small black spots are formed on the leaves. The branches start drying from the top to the bottom as the disease intensifies. In the ripening stage of the fruit, small black round spots are formed, and later their color is gray, with a dark line on the edges. Affected fruits are prematurely shed. High humidity helps in spreading this disease.

Prevention

Crop Chak should be adopted. Use healthy and treated seeds only. Make a solution of 0.2 percent concentration of mencozeb, difolatan, or blitox and spray it 2 times at 15 days intervals. Read here for more information on pests and diseases – how to manage capsicum and tomato diseases in polyhouse and their integrated management

Harvesting

The harvesting of capsicum fruits starts 55 to 70 days after planting, which lasts for 90 to 120 days. Towing should be done regularly.

Yield

After cultivating capsicum with the above-mentioned scientific techniques and selecting the variety according to the circumstances, yields of 150 to 250 quintals in advanced varieties and 250 to 400 tales per hectare in hybrid varieties are available.

Kalpesh Pathak

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