India is an agricultural country. And there are many ways of farming in India. Different types of farming in India are cultivated in all regions in our country. Farming has been in India for more than thousands of years. Depending on what use of land, water, climate, its types of farming have developed.
Due to the changing environmental conditions, many types of farming have developed but the methods of farming are not definite. These can be changed or improved beforehand according to changes in the geographical environment and historical background. Here we are telling you about some such methods of farming according to which farming is done in most areas of India. Although in India animal husbandry like dairy farming is kept separate from farming but in the rest of the world, it is included in farming methods only.
Today we will try to know all the types of farming done in India.
Jhoom Cultivation
It is also called transferable agriculture. In this agriculture, the forest of the land is first burnt and then the first year after year, the coarse grains are sown in that ash-bearing soil. Crops received for two or three years from this farming it is also called ‘Cut and Burn’ or ‘Bush Fellow Agriculture’.
Locally, this agriculture was cultivated in the eastern states of Jhoom, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha, Paud in Kerala, Onam in Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh are called ‘Beawar’, ‘Mashan’, ‘Peda’ and Beera and in southeastern Rajasthan is called ‘Walra’. World’s Warmest and this type of agriculture is done very favorably in subtropical forests.
Sustainable Farming
This method of agriculture has been prevalent in India since time immemorial. It has the preponderance of food crops and two or three in a year. The crops are grown intensively. Domestic demand with the help of old-fashioned equipment using human and animal force agriculture is done to fulfill.
In this agriculture, lack of irrigation facilities, drought and flood damage, low use of advanced seed fertilizers and pesticides.
Commercial Farming
It is purely commercial purpose agriculture, in which cash crops are produced. In this agriculture special emphasis is given on irrigation, improved varieties of high yielding seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, farm machinery is under this, by setting up large farms, like industries, agriculture of only one type of crop.
It is capital-intensive agriculture in which the surplus of crops is produced to make a profit in the market. This agriculture its expansion is limited to tropical and subtropical regions.
Intensive Farming
It can be used to plant crops in a given period of time using a greater amount of capital and labor on each unit of agricultural land. The maximum possible output is made. Generally, the area with more than 200 percent crop intensity is considered an intensive agricultural area
goes.
In fact in areas with high population density and low land availability, chemical fertilizers, improved seeds, pesticides this agriculture is done with maximum use of medicines, irrigation, crop change, etc. Depending on the availability of land there are two types of farming, intensive and extensive farming.
Extensive Farming
Agricultural farming done by mechanical methods on large holding farms is called elaborate agriculture. Workers in this agriculture use are less but the amount of production per capita is high.
This type of agriculture is done in areas with less population because the availability of agricultural land is more. Although per the hectare production is low but the total production is quite high.
Eco-farming
In this farming system agriculture is done without harming the ecological wealth. Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides organic fertilizers and pesticides are preferred over. The main purpose of this method of agriculture is from nature taking production to its potential and interfering less in ecological activities and without damaging the land. The ecological elements have to be returned from natural nutrients only. The use of vermicompost, neem manure as a pesticide, and the emphasis are on tissue culture.
Ranching Farming
In this type of agriculture, various types of animals such as sheep, goats, etc. are grazed on natural vegetation. So this crop is not produced in farming. Most of this agriculture was done in those countries. Australia, America, Tibet and it is cultivated in the hilly or plateau areas of India.
Corporate Farming
In this system of agriculture, farming is managed by a corporation. The liability of the members of the corporation is limited and the entire arrangement is done by the governing board. A greater amount of land and capital is required. in our country, this system of farming is also prevalent in some areas of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Chennai.
Consolidating several firms under the Central Government under the Indian State Firm Corporation Limited in commercial terms cultivation is done. National Farmers Commission has taken up this type of farming to achieve the practical goal of agriculture promotion is suggested. Read more about What is Corporate Farming? and Aspect of Corporate Farming, Benefits of Farmers here
Co-operative Farming
There are two main grounds behind the adoption of this farming – the solution and role of the problem of small and scattered farming. Socialization is to do justice to the landless, small farmers, and agricultural laborers.
In this system of farming, farmers voluntarily collect their land, labor, and capital for the purpose of mutual benefit cultivate collectively. The problems arising out of the subdivision of land should be solved with this agricultural method.
Organic Agriculture
It is a method of farming in which chemical fertilizers and pesticides are not used. 1930 Albert Howard is believed to be the father of this type of agriculture, which started in the 40s.
In India too, for the production, promotion, and market development of organic farming in the final phase of the 10th Five Year Plan. ‘National Organic Farming Project’ started, compost units bio-fertilizer for waste of fruits and vegetable emphasis was laid on providing financial incentives for the production, breeding, and breeding of eggs.
In fact, the main objective of this type of agriculture is to maintain the natural quality of the soil, as well as small-scale agriculture and steps have to be taken towards sustainable agriculture. 100% organic farming in Makandpur village of Nainital district of Uttarakhand. Due to this, he has been labeled as ‘Organic Village’. Farmers here do not use chemical fertilizers in the fields. India’s first to create a biotic park in agriculture that state is Punjab.
Zero Farming
In view of the increasing food requirements, intense efforts are being made to increase the production of crops. For these various fertilizers,
pesticides and new techniques are being used. This is reducing the natural fertility of the land, which is sustainable agriculture is harmful to development. To tackle this problem, farmers are now adopting the ‘zero input farming’ technique.
Under this, fertilizers, food pesticides, etc. are not put in the ground from outside, due to which the crops are more nutritious. The process of organic farming is followed for three years before starting such agriculture. In organic farming, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are not used. This allows the soil to gradually adapt to zero farming.
E-Agriculture
Developed based on information related to information and communication technology based on e-agriculture or e-farming internet is agriculture. It involves the application of new emerging technologies for agricultural development and agricultural solutions through various solutions.
Its basic objective is to provide information related to demand-based agriculture to the farmers so that they can increase the value of the products, tillage to establish a direct relationship with the competent buyers for various methods, crop protection, and the right price of the products.
Contract Farming
Special varieties of crops like banana, mango, potato, garlic, onion are produced under contract farming. For example, Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan in tomato production, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in sunflower production, contract farming is happening in states like Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra in the production of fruits and vegetables.
Dry Farming
110 cm The method of farming practiced in areas with less rainfall is called ‘dry agriculture’. Because of the rainfall in these areas
The quantity is less. So the moisture of the soil is maintained so that the moisture (humidity) required for agriculture is obtained.
Could.
Under the traditional dry agriculture, deep plowing was done in the fields before the first rains, and after the rains the land
Was leveled, which kept the moisture in the soil.
Thus in these areas coarse cereals (maize), pulses crops (lentils, gram, moong), that can yield in 45-60 days the yield of Adi was possible, but the sixth plan started the process of modernization in dry agriculture, the seventh of which there was widespread diffusion till the plan.
At present, two schemes are being run in the dry agriculture sector with the help of the World Bank. These are – Pilots on dry agriculture
Project and Watershed Development Program. The Central Government is also laying great emphasis on the ‘National Watershed Development Program’.
Kalpesh Pathak
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