Ladies Finger occupies a prominent place in summer vegetables, although it is also grown as a rainy season crop. The green soft pods are used for making vegetables as well as after canning and drying. It is a nutritious vegetable that is rich in Vitamin ‘A’ and ‘B’ and a sufficient amount of Vitamin ‘C’. It is rich in protein, fat, and minerals. As a medicine, it is more beneficial for people suffering from weakness of heart and mind, stomach, and masculinity. Farmers can earn more profit by planting okra early.
Ladies Finger Seed Varieties in India
1. VRO-6
This variety is also known as Kashi Pragati. This variety, brought out by the Indian Vegetable Research Institute, Varanasi in 2003, is resistant to yellow mosaic virus disease. On average, fruits start appearing in 40 days, its average yield in summer is 130 to 140. q./ha. and 180 q/ha in the rainy season. can be taken.
2. VRO-22
This variety has also been developed by the Indian Vegetable Research Institute, Varanasi. It is also resistant to yellow mosaic virus disease, its average yield in summer is 140 q./ha. And up to 160 q/ha can be taken in the rainy season.
3. Arka Anamika
This species has been developed by the Indian Horticultural Research Institute, Bangalore, which is resistant to yellow mosaic virus disease. Its plants are 120 to 150 cm. Due to the length of the fruit stalk, it is convenient to break this species. This species can be grown in both seasons, its yield is 130-150 q/ha. till it goes.
4. Hisar Advanced
This species has been extracted by Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Plants medium height 90 to 120 cm. And internodes are close, first harvesting starts after 45 days, its average yield is 120 to 130 q/ha. till it goes. This variety can be grown in both the summer and rainy seasons.
5. Parbhani Revolution
This species has been extracted by Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Plants medium height 90 to 120 cm. And internodes are close, first harvesting starts after 45 days, its average yield is 120 to 130 q/ha. till it goes. This variety can be grown in both the summer and rainy seasons.
Improved varieties of Ladies Finger/Okra in addition to the above varieties
Pusa A-4, Varsha Uphaar, Punjab Kesari,
Hybrid varieties – DVR-1, VaranasiDVR-2, DVR-3
Climate requirement for Okra/Ladyfinger production
It is a vegetable of tropical and sub-tropical climate. A hot and humid climate is considered suitable everywhere for good yield. The interval of temperature 25-26 degrees centigrade is considered suitable, normally the growth stops when the temperature goes below 20 degrees centigrade but the seed gets deposited up to 10-15 degrees centigrade.
In the plains of North India, okra can be cultivated even before the first week of February. But sometimes the temperature remains in the range of 15 to 20 degrees centigrade till the middle of February. Due to which the growth stops even after setting the seed and the plant remains dwarf. Due to which the yield is very less. Despite the high temperature of the atmosphere during the summer, keeping the field always moist, the local climate of the plant remains suitable, and the temperature is always maintained at 30-35 degree centigrade, due to which there is no obstruction in pollination and pollination.
Land Selection and Preparation for ladyfinger/Bhindi/Okra
Bhindi can be cultivated in all types of soil. Sandy loam soil is also suitable for the early crop of Zaid. There should be a proper arrangement of drainage because its roots are very resistant to water.
is intolerable. Waterlogging causes great damage to plants. The field of lady’s finger should be changed frequently, otherwise sowing in the same field increases the incidence of pod borer insects.
Time of Sowing for ladyfinger
In the plains of northern India, the crop of Zayed is February-March and in eastern India the correct time for sowing is January-February. The proper time for sowing of the rainy season is considered suitable only in June-July in the whole country. The best yield is obtained during the rainy season. But in North India, the early crop is of great importance from the commercial point of view. The first fortnight of February is considered appropriate for sowing the early crop.
Seed and seed treatment
Tests the germination capacity of the seed and selects the same seed, in which the germination efficiency is not less than 70 percent, if it is less than 70 percent, then that seed should be changed. Or sow should be increased by increasing the number of seeds.
18-20 kg seeds for the summer crop. is sufficient for a one-hectare area. By keeping the seeds of summer ladyfinger in water for 12-24 hours before sowing, good and quick germination occurs. Before sowing, okra seeds should be treated with a fungicide called thiram or carbendazim at the rate of 3 grams per kg of seed.
Method of sowing
Sowing of lady’s finger is done by both methods on the ridge and flat land. Where the soil is heavy and there is no proper arrangement for drainage, it is sown on bunds. In sandy loam land, it is sown on flat land only. If sowing is done on the ridges, then the direction of the ridges is kept towards east-west, so that the winds blowing in summer and rain can come easily and the plants can be saved from falling.
Time of sowing and quantity of seeds for cultivating Ladies Finger
Season Time Seed Quantity/ha.
Summer crop June to March 18-20 kg.
Rainy season crop from June to July 10-15 kg.
Distance
For summer crop – 30 cm and 15 cm distance should be kept between rows and plants respectively.
For rainy season crop – 45 cm and 15 cm distance should be kept between rows and plants respectively.
Manure and Fertilizer
To get good production in okra crop, about 15-20 tons of well-rotted cow dung and nitrogen, phosphorus and potash respectively 80: 60: 60 per hectare in an area per hectare. At the time of sowing, the accustomed quantity of nitrogen should be given in the soil before sowing, the full amount of phosphorus, and potash. The accustomed dose of the remaining nitrogen should be given at an interval of 30-40 days.
For good yield, mix 15 mg of naphthalene acetic acid in 2 liters of water and make a solution accordingly, when okra plants have 5 leaves, then high-quality production is obtained by spraying.
Weeding and consumption-wise control
Weeds cause damage up to 20-60 percent to the okra crop, for a good yield, use 1.25 liters of pentamethylene for weed control. per hectare Weed killer should be sprayed after two to three days of sowing but before germination by making a solution in water. And once the crop is 35-40 days old, weeds should be removed by hand weeding, hoeing.
Irrigation of ladyfinger
It is very important to have enough moisture at the time of sowing. The first light irrigation should be given immediately after germination, followed by watering at an interval of 5-6 days during summer as per need.
Harvest
The time of harvesting of lady’s finger should be done 5-7 days after flowering according to different varieties. The pods should be soft and fiber-free at the time of harvesting. Due to timely harvesting, the plant continues to grow and the number of fruits also increases. The fruits should be kept in the shade at the time of harvesting. Due to which the fruits remain fresh and green. Delay in harvesting results in the hardening of pods and adversely affects their production. The pods are plucked in the evening or in the morning, while harvesting the pods, cloth gloves are used in the hand because the weeds present on the fruit and the plants are pricked in the hand, which causes irritation.
Generally, a rainy crop lasts for 60-100 days and a summer crop lasts for 80-90 days. Its yield is 75-120 quintals per hectare in summer and 115-200 quintals per hectare in the rainy season.
Disease and pests management of Ladies Finger
Pest Management of ladyfinger
1. Jassid- It is a green-colored insect that sucks the sap of the leaves, due to which the color of the leaves turns yellow. And the leaves turn upwards.
Control- Insecticidal drug Trizophos 40 EC. 2 ml per liter or imidacloprid 17.8 sl. Spray at the rate of 0.30 ml per liter.
2. Stem borer of lady’s finger- This insect enters the stems of lady’s finger due to which the stems become hollow.
Control- For its control, spray Fipronil at the rate of 1 ml/Litre.
Disease Management of lady finger
1. Yellow Vein Mosaic
This is the worst disease of lady’s finger, this disease is spread by virus. Leaves and fruits turn yellow, fruits become shapeless and hard.
Control- uproot and burn diseased plants
Spray the crop with Acephate (0.15%) or Imidacloprid (0.3%).
Disease resistant varieties- Element 6, Varsha Uphaar, Punjab Kesari and Arka
Grow the ring finger.
2. Powdery mildew disease
This disease is caused by a fungus called Erysiphe cinchoracearum, which accumulates a white powdery substance on the lower surface of the leaves, causing the leaves to become wet and fall.
Control- 25 kg/ha for its control. Dissolve sulfur powder at the rate of hexaconazole (0.05 percent) or propiconazole (0.03 percent) Spray two to three times at an interval of 15 days.
Kalpesh Pathak
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